Surface fluxing coated liner



June 28, 1,949. c. c. HERITAGE 2,474,398 I v SURFACE FLUXING COATED L'INER Filed April 2l, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 June 28, 1949. c. c.HER|TAGE SURFACE FLUXING COATED LINER Filed April 21, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 June 28, 1949 -c. c. HERITAGE SURFACE FLUXING COATED. LINER Filed April 21, .1943

4 Sheets-Sheet 3 June 28, 1949. c. c. HERITAGE '2,474,398

SURFACE FLUXING COATED LINER Filed April 21, 194s 4 sheets-sheet 4 5ms-5T Patented June 28, 1949 2,474,398 SURFACE FLUXING COATED LINER Clark C. Heritage, Cloquet, Minn.,

asslgnor to Wood Conversion Company, St. Patil,` Minn., a

corporation of Delaware Application April 21, 1943, Serial No. 489,897

The present invention relates to the fields of water-vaporprooflng and of thermal insulation, and particularly to thc improvements of elements therefor which function to resist the transmission of water-vapor. However, the said elements and the invention are not limited in utility to the thermal insulation eld wherein a particular problem has been encountered.

To illustrate the problem, it is pointed out that when an insulating wall separates a warm region from a cold region, as for example in a house or like structure, wherein high moisture content of the air far exceeds the moisture con- 17 claims. (cl. 154-35205) tent of the air of the cold region, there is a watervapor pressure differential tending to move water-vapor through the wall. There is danger of vapor in the wall, and especially in insulation in the wall, encountering such a low temperature that it may condense to water, and even form ice. Much trouble has arisen from this cause in insulated houses.

Common expedients to minimize the danger are the provision of independent Wall elements, or elements associated with the insulation, which exhibit resistance tothe transmission of watervapor. More common is the provision of insulating bodies, as blankets, bats, or other-forms which carry imperforate liners having such resistingqualities. These have been referred to as water-vapor barriers, but because the ones herein referred to are imperfect as barriers, they are herein referred to as resistors Resistors have been used as separate elements,

that is, as sheets mounted above a, ceiling, or linside a wall, apart from insulating material otherwise supplied. But also such resistors have been used as liners carried by insulating bodies, with or without facial adhesion between the resistors and the insulation, and on one or both sides of the insulation.

Paper coated with asphalt or like bitumen or other heat-softening normally solid material or composition is 'commonly used to provide resistors. These are made by applying a layer of the fused material to a sheet, as by a coating roll. A particular method is used in some cases where the liner sheet is creped, as described in the U. S.

patent to Rowe No. Re. 17,633. Paper is run over a roll carrying hot bitumen; whereby the paper sticks to the roll, and then the paper is removed by a doctor blade in such a manner as to eiect creping of the paper as it leavesthe roll.

The present invention is based upon the discovery that such creped paper coated by a roll paper, and also uncreped with hot bitumen or the like, and other forms of material coated by any method wherein there is a mechanical pull away from the hot-coated material, are all very non- -uniform in the quality of resistance to transmission of water-vapor. Irregularities in the form of minute pin-holes" or pores, possibly arising in part from small air bubbles in the coating material, have been found spotted throughout the area in such a manner that various test specimens of small test area, as commonly tested, have a wide deviation in measured resistance. Such sheets are unreliable, non-uniform, poor as resistors, and furthermore arev difficult to produce with controlled properties tomeet specied or even desirable requirements.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above defects in hot-coated sheet-materials to be used as Water-vapor resistors.

It is an object of the invention to flux the surface of the coat of such materials by the application of heat in such a manner as to effect. a flow in the coat, while the coat is freely exposed without contact, to seal the pores or pin-holes.

It is a particular object to subject the mechanically coated material to radiant heat to attain a uxing temperature, greatest at the exposed surface, whereby to impart greater vapor resistance to the coat.

Various other and ancillary objects andA advantages of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description and explanation of the invention, given in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 represents a layer of insulating material having its faces covered with liners treated according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 represents a layer of insulation with visual liners and mounting flanges, the latter being related to structure for sealing the edges of the insulation;

Fig. 3 is a modification of the structure of Fig. 2 with liners not adhesively secured to the insulating body; i

Fig. 4 represents a duplex asphalted paper embodying the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus employed in practicing the process of the present invention, including pictorial illustrations of material which 'may be combined with the treated product;

Fig. 6 is a two-part view of apparatus normally aligned for applying the invention to paper having the asphalt treatment on both sides thereof,

I No. 2,075,835. In Fig. 1,

3 and for applying the fiuxed side to other material; and

Fig. 7 is a diagrammatic summary of various combinations or steps which may employ the present invention.

Figs. 8 through 13 represent various sheet-like materials which may be combined with the adhesive asphalted creped paper in the manner shown in Fig. 5 between the combining rolls thereof. i

The invention may be appreciated by reference to several illustrative forms of insulation, some of which may be made under the Spafford Patent l0 is an insulating body which may be a mat, slab, or bat, or pile, of i'nsulating material, preferably a. felted bat of mineral, animal, or vegetable fiber, and preferably f'lexible in a blanket form. it has a creped paper liner il with asphalt or other composition adhesive l2 securing it to body it. This is commonly made by the creping process above described which discharges thesheet with hot and tackycreping material. The tacky side of the sheet is stuck to the body ci insulation iii, and then cooled. In particular, when the adhesive creped sheet is applied to an element with a substantially smooth surface, the ridges of the creping provide therewith interfaces upon adhesion, and the ridges protect the valleys of the creping from adhesive contact, all as clearly shown in Fig. 6. Thus pores, pin-holes and imperfections are frozen and preserved. Sheet it represents a plain or uncreped'sheet of paper, with asphalt or other composition adhesive tl, uniting it to the The applied hot coat ifi on paper i3 to the insulation body i@ while the coat is still tacky from the coating operation, and then the applied liner is cooled, thus to set the imperfections.

Figs. 2 and 3 represent insulation in which the liners are not racially adhered to the insulationbody, but are carried thereby as a result of other means of attachment. Fig. 2 represents a structure wherein only one asphalt or like coat is used, being located on the outside of each liner, while Fig. 3 shows an asphalt or like coat on both `the outside, and the inside but not in' adhesive contact with the insulation as in Fig. l.

In Fig. 2, numeral le represents a body of insulation like ld in Fig. l. Liners il and it are paper, creped or uncreped, but preferably creped as in Fig. l, with asphalt or composition coats I9 and 2l), respectively, on the exposed faces of the liners. A strip of sheet material 2i, preferably hot adhesive asphalted creped paper, with asphalt 22 on the inside, is applied as an edge seal in a well known manner, first over the liner il, then adhesively to the side edge of body it, then beyond it and reversely upon itself to providean angular mounting flange 23, then over liner i8.

ln Fig. 3 the structure is the same as in Fig. 2, except that liners te and 2b each have two asphalt or like coats 2l and 2t, respectively, the inside coats being free from adhesive contact with the insulation body it. One of the coats on each sheet may be an impregnating coat in which case it is not subject to the liuxing of the present invention.

Various combinations of the elements of Figs. l, 2 and 3 may be made and many of these are known.

Fig. 4 represents another form' of resistor well known as duplex paper.. 1t consists .of two paperl sheets, 3d and 3l, both creped or uncreped, or

to a sufficient one creped and the other uncreped, united by a layer of asphalt or the like 32. This is commonly made by mechanically applying hot asphalt or the like to one without creping by use of the coat as creping adhesive, and while the coat is tacky, uniting it to the second sheet.

According to the present invention all Athe coatbearing sheets above referred to, after coating, are exposed to heat of a temperature sufficient to fuse or flux the asphalt, or other material, if not asphalt, at least to a slight depth at the surface, forming what is referred to as a fusion skin. Any suitable heating means may be employed. But Where there is danger of fire, or where the sheet, such as the papermay-be injured at the temperature preferably applied to the coat, a source of radiant heat is preferred.

Radiant heat is available from any incandescent source, but infra-red electric light bulbs, with adequate reflectors are preferred. These may-be placed in banks and arranged in number and extent, and in spacing from the coat to be heated, in accordance with conditions. In practice a continuous web of the coated material is moved past such a bank of lamps, and the speed of travel in part determines the arrangements and extent of the bank of lights.

In using such a bank, the sheet carrying a cooled freshly applied, yet still hot coat, or an already chilled solidified coat, is moved past the lamps, and so subjected to radiant heat that the coat absorbs the radiant energy and melts, without equally heating the sheet vehicle which carries the coat. A complete surface uxing occurs depth to effect glazing the surface, and flow in the surface, whereby a uniform surface layer, or substantially unbroken fusion skin, without pin-holes or imperfections is produced.

- Air-bubbles within the coat expand and burst.

The next step is to chill the glazed fusion skin with its softened or melted surface, and to use the resulting resistor with such chilled surface remaining free, where the chilling is to the point of complete solidication. However, the chilling may extend to the point of near-solidication with a non-flowing coat presenting tackiness or adhesiveness, whereby the coat 'may be pressed into adhesive union with another body. Such sheets may be used in the structures of Figs. 2 and 3.

in order to illustrate how the invention is carried out in a simple manner, various procedures .and combinations are shown or indicated in Figs. 5 and 6.

In Fig. 5 a supply of sheet material 35, such as kraft paper, is fed as a traveling web tt to a series of rolls including idler rolls. Firstl it passes over idler roll 3l, then idler roll 38, from which it runs to a coating device to apply a fused composition, such as asphalt. The coating device has a coating roll t9 and an upper press roll til. The web 3S runs between these and on leaving it adheres in the region li to roll 39, being pulled off as a coated web d2. The roll te runs in a vat @it of melted asphalt or the like fill, which carries a considerable supply l5 of the viscous material to the nip of the rolls 3s and t0. If desired, a doctor blade tt may be employed by advancing it from the position shown, to contact the roll, whereby to crepe the sheet as shown in said Re. 17,633.

The coated web distance, wherein of the asphalt, over a to roll de which drops it travels for a considerable it cools to effect solidcation water-cooled idler roll di the web t2 vertically to idler rolls 49 and 50 which reverse the travel r,to an upward direction. The distance between rolls 48 and 49 is suiilcient to provide a heating zone wherein the coated paper is heated to flux the a1- ready chilled coat.

The preferred supply of heat is a bank of infrared lamps 52, each comprising an incandescent electric bulb and a reflector, diagrammatically illustrated. In this heating zone the lamps 52 effect meltingv of at least the exposed surface layer of the coat on web 42, but it is to be undery stood that the whole depth of the coat may be fluxed. To secure this effect, and to shorten the time of exposure to the lamps 52, the uncoated side of the web 42 may be heated by a second bank of lamps 53 on the opposite face of web 42,

-preferably of less power in the vcase of paper. These limit loss of heat by radiation, derived from the lamps 52, and also add heat derived from lamps `58 to eifect control and ilexibility of the operation, as may be required by reason of changes in the coating material, the amount of it, the speed -of travel, the vehicle sheet 35, and

. other factors.

Beyond idler 49, the i'luxed surface cools and in ycooling it passes from a highly fluid condition, through a viscous tacky condition, to a solid condition. The cooling web is indicated -by numeral 55 and its coat by numeral 56.

The web 55 may thus be cooled to solidify the coat 56, thereby providing a highly uniform wa-A ter-vapor transmission resistor. But where it is ydesired to be combined by adhesion to some other element, the combination is preferably effected while the cooling coat 56 is still tacky. In Fig. 5 the tacky web 55 is shown passing through combining rolls 58 and 59 with the coat 56 exposed to the nip of the rolls. has a `controlled temperature to bring the sheet to the proper adhesive state, if it should be too Combining roll 58 cool on reaching the roll. Into the nip some other element 60 is fed for adhesive union to the tacky web 55.

The element y6l) may be numerous structures, only some of which are included in Figs. 8 through 13.

Fig. 8 represents a. plain sheet of paper designated 62, such as kraft paper. Fig. 9 represents a liber mat 63, lwhich may be a low density felted ber insulation blanket. Fig. 10 represents creped paper 64, which may be plain or asphalted, the latter being, for example, such as may be produced as described in Fig. 6. Fig. 11 represents a lined fiber mat 65, such as a fiber mat 63 united by adhesive y66, such as asphalt, to paper or other liner, for example, the paper 62. Fig. 12 represents a composite structure 61 comprising a lined fiber mat, such as mat l63, united by adhesive 68, such as asphalt, to creped paper, such as paper 64. Fig. 13 represents ber insulation board l69. The said structures of Figs. 8 through 13 are merely representative of materials which maybe combined with the sheet 56, in the same way as the structure generally designated 60 is combined with paper 56 between the rolls 58 and 59. It is also understood that the element 69 in Fig. 5 may Abe omitted, the adhesive paper 56 being moved away from the roll 58 while it is cooling to a non-tacky stage.

Fig.' 6 in particular represents treating or coating both faces'of a sheet and also a creping operation with hot asphalt'or other hot plastic material as the creping adhesive. This peeling of the sheet to crepe it disturbs the coating much more than the simple peeling illustrated at 4l (Fig. 5) without creping, whereby the amount of pin holes, pores or other imperfections is much greater in a so-creped sheet. Therefore, the present invention is particularly important in conjunction with the described type oi creping process.

Fig.- 6 Ashows an arrangement for making a sheet in which both sides of the sheet, preferably paper are treated with fusible materials.' For example, one side is treated to saturate or impregnate it with asphalt or the like having a melting point which is relatively low with respect to the melting point of asphalt or the like applied to coat the other side and used also as the creping adhesive. The saturating asphalt is app1ied at a higher temperature than the coating asphalt, to induce penetration. and the coating and creping asphalt or the like is applied at a lower temperature to minimize penetration and to provide a coat.

In Fig'. 6, a supply of sheet material, preferably kraft paper 13 is fed forward and then reversely over idlers 14, over a coating roll 15 running in hot saturating asphalt or other impregnating substance 16 contained in open tank 11 in which the lower part of the roll 15 dips into the melted material. Kraft paper so treated becomes black on the uncoated side, as a result of use of asphalt to'saturate it. v

The saturated web 18 runs over idlers4 19 to move in a forward direction to idler which reverses it onto the top roll 8l of a pair of rolls 8i and 82. vRoll 82 runs in hot coating asphalt 83 in tank 84, whereby to form a coat of asphalt 85 on web 86, which in a short travel cools to a-tacky stage as it runs to a stack of three rolls 81, 88 and 89 for creping. Roll '88 may be heated to bring the asphalt to a proper degree of tackiness for creping. It passes as shown leaving the center roll at the top, from which it is peeled by a doctor blade 90, providing creped sheet 9i. I f this sheet is cooled and tested as a water-vapor resistor, it is highly imperfect as such and very non-uniform. After this point, the fluxing heat of the present invention is applied. A small lifting roll 90a, with a Wire wound spirally around it, to minimize contact area, is located just beyond the doctor blade 90 to maintain regularity in the peeling.

Since the cooled sheet after the iluxing operation may advantageously be secured to other material, using the tacky coat, after some cooling from uxing, the remaining portion of the figure illustrates an arrangement of the parts to effect such use. Numeral representsan element or structure to which the web 9| is to be applied. It enters the nip of two rolls 96 and 91 which are positioned remotely from the creping roll 88, at a point to provide a iiuXing zone and a cooling zone, the latter to cool the iiuxed sheet to a point where it is tacky. Roll 91 may be heated, to increase the temperature of the coat, if necessary, to the point of tacky adhesiveness for union with the element 95. As shown in Fig. 6, only portions of the surface of the creped sheet are secured to portions of the element 95, the valleys of the creping being pockets bridged by the element 95 which is united to and across the peaks of the creping ridges.

As illustrated, the creped web 9| hangsl in a span, but to adjust its position more xedly than that of a free hanging one, positioning means, such as `idler rolls. 98, are lprovided. Below the span heating means to flux the coat is provided, and made as a unit forladjustment either Way along the path of the web, to control the position of the fluxing and cooling zones. Such means 1s preferably a bank 99 of radiant heat lamps |00, adjustable along the path of the web as indicated by arrows IUI, and adjustable to and from the web as indicated by arrows |02. The resulting combined product is indicated at |03, moving away on rollers |04.

The element 95 may be plain paper, creped paper, insulation board, insulation mats or blanket of loosely felted animal, vegetable or mineral ber, such materials being illustrated in Fig. 5 by numerals 62 to 1|). However, other materials not listed may be used, as desired.

In Fig. 7 the invention is illustrated diagrammatically with numerous variations herein described in reference to specific illustrations of them, which are not intended to limit the invention.

Numeral I I0 (Fig. 7) represents a body or sheet to be treated, such as paper, cloth, asbestos, felt, cellophane, fiber board, Wood veneer, plywood, and the like. .it may be surface' sized in any known way, as indicated at HI; largely to prevent penetration of the coating material, or as indicated at ||2 it may be impregnated or saturated with any suitable material, one example having been given for paper. The material H0 with or without the sizing or impregnating is then coated with a suitable fusible substance having a suitable property of resistance to the transmission of Water-vapor. When the coating material exhibits adhesive properties, when hot, such asI asphalt, sheet material having such a coat may 'be creped using the coating material as creping adhesive, or any material coated with it may be united, later, to some other body, as described.

Suitable resistant materials are bitumens, such as'asphalt, waxes such as parafn, rosin, coal tar pitch, stearin pitch, stearic acid, coumaron resin,

'y' ozokerite, Wax tailings, and numerous others.

Compounded mixtures may be used, of which asphalt Acontaining paraffin is one. Another is a mixture of asphalt and montan Wax with or without parain as described in the U. S. Patent No. 2,299,144 to Heritage and Walter.

The resistant material is provided as an adherent, substantially integral coat consisting of fusible material. It is preferably coated onto the sheet mechanically by a coating roll from a fused condition, but it may be deposited other- Wise as for example by spreading a powdered form or a ber on to a cold or heated body to receive it, with suitable heat to fuse and spread it, or spraying itv in a melted condition. This is all indicated by block M3.

The applied coat may be heated or cooled, as shown at l id, or cooled to the point of solidication as shown at H5. Where creping is effected, the coat may be cooled or heated as required to suitable adhesiveness for creping, as shown at |15, which includes the creping operation, or as shown at H1, it may be creped directly without cooling, depending upon the nature of the substance and its degree of adhesiveness in the condition cf application, as for example, shown in Fig. 5.

The coated creped or uncreped material is then heated to a nuxing temperature, whereby the coat loses imperfections acquired in coating or induced by creping. This heating is indicated at H8.

During the fluxing, contact of a make-and- .break type is not harmful since disturbances will be obliterated by the ow permitted by iiuxing. But as it cools, make-and-break adhesive contact will lead to imperfections which should be avoided. In the adhesive stage; a make contact, without a break of contact, as is used in the adhesive unions described, does not introduce imperfections, even though it may disturb the glazed surface continuity.

Therefore, the iluxed coat may be cooled, as at ||9 to a solid exposed coat giving product |20 with glazed exposed coat, or it may be cooled to a point where it does not ow, yet adhesiveness is retained, as shown at i2l, after which it is united to another element, as shown at i22, to provide laminated products |23. Also the luxed coat may be cooled, as at |24, to lose adhesiveness, then be reheated as at |25 to acquire adhesiveness. Then it'may be united with other elements as at |22.

Example A paper such as may be produced by the arrangement of Fig. 6, -that is, saturated from one side with asphalt, then creped with asphalt applied to the other side, has been greatly improved in its water-vapor resistance by uxing the asphalt. i

Water-vapor resistance is the reciprocal of water-vapor transmission (W. V. T.) which is herein expressed in terms of water-vapor passed, in lbs. per 2500 sq. ft., per 24 hours, per 1 lb. vapor pressure diiierentlal per sq. inch.

An asphalt creped paper without iluxing is given below as the control." Case A below is the result of treating the paper for 10 seconds to a single bank of radiant-heat lamps, three inches from the face having the creping asphalt. Case B below applies a bank of lamps three inches from both faces of the sheet for l0 seconds.

In cases A and B, the sheet travels at about 125 feet per minute past the lamps and is first chilled to normal room temperature prior to exposure to the lamps. The following table gives the W. V. T. of the control and of cases A and B, several test specimens being given.

Control Case A Case B (Ng1 5558i- (one side) (Both Sides) l Average.

The table immediately above shows that the improvement in water-vapor transmission resistance is due to the iiuxing, and that uxing may be practiced on one side or both sides of a sheet bearing material suitable for such fiuxing.

In the claims there is used the term makeand-break adhesive contact, by which is meant a touching of a tacky and adhesive material which skin, with possible incorporation of air. The effeet to be avoided is exemplied in an extreme modification by pulling taify. Where the fluxed surface is united by the material of the coat to other materials which touch or penetrate only a part of the fusion skin, it is a characteristic of the product of the invention that exposed coat in such structures is substantially entirely fusion skin.

The invention is subject to numerous changes and modifications falling within its scope as expressed in the appended claims.

I claim:

1. The method of making a water-vapor resistor which comprises subjecting to a fluxing heat an applied exposed substantially integral coat of fusible material which material has the property of resisting the transmission of watervapor, and the property of adhesiveness when not liquid and when hot and nearly solidified, and thereby iluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting fluxed coat at least to the point of substantial solidication at which said adhesiveness `exists while avoiding makeand-break adhesive contact with the exposed surface of the coat during the cooling to said adhesive condition, and uniting the resulting adhesive coat to another surface by the adhesiveness of said coat.

2. The method of making a Water-vapor resisting sheet, which comprises applying to sheet material an adherent substantially integral coat of fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of Water-vapor, exposingthe said coat to a fluxing heat and thereby uxing atleast the exposed surface of the coat, and cooling the resulting uxed coat at least to to the point of such adhesiveness while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the exposed surface of the coat during the cooling to said adhesive condition, and uniting only portions of the resulting adhesive coat with portions of the surface of another element by the adhesiveness of said coat.

6. The method of makinga water-vapor resisting sheet, which comprises applying to sheet material a substantially integral coat of fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor, and having the property of being adhesively tacky when hot and when nearly solid, exposing the said coat to a fluxing heat and thereby uxin-g at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting fiuxed coat to the point of such adhesiveness while avoiding make-and-.break adhesive contact with the exposed surface of the coat during the cooling to said adhesive condition, and uniting only portions of the resulting adhesive coat with some of the fibers of an insulating body by the adhesive- 'ness of said coat.

7. 'I'he method of making a creped sheet having resistance to the transmission of water-vapor, which comprises applying to sheet material to be creped a fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-'vapor andthe property of being adhesive when hot and nearly solid, causing said coated sheet while in an ad- 'hesive condition to adhere to a creping roll and the point of substantial solidication while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the exposed surface of the coat during the cooling to said point.

3. The method of making a, water-vapor resisting sheet, which comprises applying to sheet material an adherent substantially integral coat of fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor, exposing the said coat to a uxing heat and thereby fluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, and cooling the resulting iluxed coat to solid non-adhesive condition while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the coat duringthe said cooling.

4. 'Ihe method of making a water-vapor rey sisting sheet, which comprises applying to sheet material a substantially integral coat of fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and having the property of being adhesively tacky when hot and when nearly solid, exposing the said coat to a fluxing heat and thereby fluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting iluxed coat to the point of such adhesiveness while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the exposed surface ofthe coat during the cooling to said adhesive condition, and uniting the resulting adhesive coat with the surface of another element by the adhesiveness of said coat.

5. The method of making a waterevapor resisting sheet, which comprises applying to sheet material a substantially integral coat of fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and having the property of being adhesively tacky when hot and when nearly solid, exposing the said coat to a uxing heat and thereby fiuxin-g at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting uxed coat removing the sheet therefrom by a doctor blade to effect creping of the sheet, exposing the said coat material on the creped sheet to a fluxing heat and thereby fluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, and cooling the resulting uxed coat at least to the point of substantial solidication while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with said coat during the said cooling.

8. The method of making a creped sheet having resistance to the transmission of water-vapor, which comprises applying to sheet material to be creped a fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and having the property of being adhesive when hotV .roll and removing the sheet therefrom by a doct or blade to effect creping of the sheet, exposing the said coat material on the creped sheet to a uxing heat and thereby fluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, and cooling the resulting iiuxed coat rst to the point of nearsolidication and then to solidication thereby to destroy the adhesive character of the coat, while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the coat during the cooling and while the coat is in the adhesivev condition.

9. The method of makinga creped sheet having resistance to the transmission of Water-vapor, which comprises applying to sheet material to be creped a fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and having the property of being adhesive when hot and nearly solid, causing said coated sheet while in an adhesive condition to adhere to a creping roll and removing the sheet therefrom by a doctor blade to effect creping of the sheet, exposing the said coat material on the creped sheet to a fluxing heat and thereby fluxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting coat to the point of adhesiveness and near-solidication while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the coat during the cooling and while the coat is in the adhesive condition, and uniting the having the property sheet to another element by the adhesiveness of the coat in the nearly solid condition.

10. The method of makinga creped sheet having resistance to the transmission of water-vapor,

which comprises applying to sheet material to be creped a fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and the property of being adhesive when hot and nearly solid, causing said coated sheet while in an adhesive condition to ladhere to a creping roll and removing the sheet therefrom by a doctor blade to effect creping of the sheet, exposing the said coated material on the creped sheet to a uxing heat and thereby iiuxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting iluxed coat to the point of near-solidication while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the coat during the cooling, and while the coat is in the adhesive condition, and uniting the sheet to other sheet material by the adhesiveness of the coat in the nearly solid condition.

11. The method of making a creped sheet having resistance to the transmission of water-vapor, which comprises applying to sheet material to be creped a fusible substance having the property of resisting the transmission of water-vapor and of being adhesive when hot and nearly solid, causing said coated sheet while inl an adhesive condition to adhere to a creping roll and removing the sheet therefrom by a doctor blade to effect creping of the sheet, exposing the said coating material a fluxing heat and thereby iiuxing at least the exposed surface of the coat, cooling the resulting fiuxed coat to the point of near-solidincation while avoiding make-and-break adhesive contact with the coat during the coolingand while the coat is in the adhesive condition, and uniting the sheet to an insulating body by the adhesiveness of the coat in the nearly solid condition.

12. A water-vapor resisting structure comprising in combination one member having therein a continuous layer of fusible adhesive material having the property of resistance to the transmission of water-vapor which layer is characterized by substantially unbroken fusion skin, and another element having its surface united to said member by the a'dhesiveness when hot of said materials.

13. A water-vapor resisting structure comprising in combination one member having therein a continuous layer of fusible adhesive material on the creped sheet to having the property of resistance to the transmission of water-vapor which layer is characterized by substantially unbroken fusion skin, and another element having its surface united to said member at only portions of said skin by the adhesiveness when hot of said material.

14. A water-vapor resisting structure comprising in combination one member having therein a continuous layer of fusible adhesive material having the property of resistance to the transmission of water-vapor which layer is characterized by substantially unbroken fusion skin, and another element presenting at its surface a mass of fibers providing inter-:ber void spaces, some of said fibers being united to said member at only portions of said skin by the adhesiveness when hot of said material.

15. A duplex paper comprising two sheets of paper secured together by fusible adhesive material having the property of resisting the transmission of Water-vapor, said material being present between the two sheets of paper as a layer characterized by a substantially continuous fusion skin.

16. An insulating structure comprising an insulating body and a sheet liner united to the face of said body by a layer of fusible adhesive material having the property of resisting the transmission of Water-vapor, said layer being continuous and being characterized by a substantially continuous fusion skin.

17. A creped sheet having bituminous creping adhesive on a face thereof in the form of a. substantially continuous coat on said face, said layer being characterized by a substantially continuous fusion skin.

CLARK C. HERITAGE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the ille of this patent:

i UNITED STATES PATENTS 

